Copper, Zinc and LPS
LPS produces an increase in copper and a decrease in zinc levels. Iron levels may also be altered.
Many children with ASD show a decrease in zinc and an increase in copper. Some children with autism also show abnormal iron levels.
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1: Am J Vet Res. 2007 May;68(5):529-34.
Effects of intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide on plasma micromineral, magnesium, and cytokine concentrations and serum cortisol concentrations in lactating goats.
* Wang J, * Jiao L, * Ma J, * Wu C, * Wang K, * Wang M.
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China.
Objective-To assess the effects of various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered IV on plasma microminerals, magnesium, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and serum cortisol concentrations in lactating goats. Animals-6 lactating goats. Procedures-Goats were allotted to 3 LPS-treatment groups: control (0 mug/kg), low LPS (10 mug/kg), and high LPS (50 mug/kg). Rectal temperatures and behaviors of goats were recorded immediately before a 10-minute IV infusion of LPS and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after infusion. Blood samples were obtained before IV infusion and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after infusion. Plasma zinc, copper, iron, and magnesium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry; plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations were measured by use of an ELISA; and serum cortisol concentrations were determined by use of a radioimmunoassay. Results-A monophasic fever developed in low-LPS and high-LPS groups. In the low-LPS and high-LPS group, plasma zinc concentrations decreased at 6 hours after infusion; compared with control groups. Plasma iron concentrations were lower at 24 hours after infusion in low-LPS and high-LPS groups than in the control group. Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations were higher in low-LPS and high-LPS groups than in the control group at 1, 2, and 4 hours after infusion. In low-LPS and high-LPS groups, serum cortisol concentrations increased from 0.5 hours onward and peaked at 1 (high-LPS group) and 2 (low-LPS group) hours after infusion. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Following IV infusion of LPS, the immune system is activated, which might affect micromineral homeostatic regulation and, subsequently, the metabolic health of lactating goats.
PMID: 17472454 [PubMed - in process]
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Biochem. J. (1996) 314 (793�797) (Printed in Great Britain)
Trace metal, acute phase and metabolic response to endotoxin in metallothionein-null mice
Allan M. ROFE*, Jeffrey C. PHILCOX and Peter COYLE
Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Accumulation of hepatic zinc via metallothionein (MT) induction during infection/inflammation is postulated to benefit a range of metabolic processes. The metabolic consequences of two doses of endotoxin (LPS) (1 and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were examined in normal (MT+/+) and MT-null (MT-/-) mice (all results means�S.E.M., n = 6). At 16 h after 1 mg/kg LPS, hypozincaemia was pronounced in the MT+/+ mice (4.4�0.2 mM), concomitant with a 36% increase in hepatic Zn and a > 10-fold increase in hepatic MT. Plasma Zn (16.6�0.7 mM) and total hepatic Zn were unchanged in MT-/- mice, confirming the importance of MT in altering plasma and hepatic Zn during inflammation. Plasma iron was lower in LPS-treated MT-/- mice, whereas plasma copper increased to a similar extent in both groups of mice. Plasma fibrinogen more than doubled, and was similar in both groups of mice, which questions the importance of MT in acute-phase protein synthesis. Blood and liver glucose concentrations were not significantly different between groups before or after LPS, whereas blood and liver lactate concentrations were significantly lower (31% and 24% respectively) in MT-/- mice after LPS. At 16 h after 5 mg/kg LPS, plasma Zn was decreased even further in MT+/+ mice (2.6�0.3 mM), but remained unchanged in MT-/- mice at concentrations significantly above those in 16 h-fasted MT-/- mice (15.8�0.5 versus 11.3�0.3 mM). Total liver Zn was 17% lower than fasting values in MT-/- mice, in contrast with 32% higher in MT+/+ mice. Synthesis of MT (in MT+/+ mice) and fibrinogen in all mice was not further enhanced by the higher LPS dose. Blood glucose was significantly decreased by 18% in MT+/+ mice and by 38% in MT-/- mice after 5 mg/kg LPS. There was a marked 44% decrease in liver glucose in MT-/- mice; that in MT+/+ mice was unchanged from fasting levels, implying a deficit in hepatic gluconeogenesis in LPS-treated MT-/- mice. In the absence of any indication of major hepatotoxicity, the results of this study indicate that energy production, and not acute-phase protein synthesis, may be most influenced by Zn supply during endotoxaemia, suggesting that MT has a role in maintaining hepatic and blood glucose in this metabolic setting.